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Primarily, I use quantitative, geospatial, and historical methods to study the social construction of race and ethnicity through institutions and how this links with ongoing processes of state formation. In my book I link ethnoracial difference-making with processes of state formation, making two important interventions. First, I point out that race and racial thinking are not exclusively modern. Second, I unmask the ethnoracial discrimination at the heart of early European state formation; new political inclusion was twinned with exclusion. The rest of my work takes up social and institutional change more broadly, where I emphasize the coevolution of organizational structures, policies, and development outcomes.

Additionally, I apply my sociological expertise to problems of access and equity in higher education, formally and informally. I worked in program evaluation and education research for seven years at the Arizona State University Office of Evaluation and Educational Effectiveness and the University of Washington Center for Evaluation and Research in STEM Equity.